24-二十四、Docker 安装 MySQL

MySQL 是当下最流行的可免费使用的关系型数据库系统，Docker 安装 MySQL 有两种方法

我们以当前最新的版本 8.0.11 安装为例

1. docker pull mysql

这种方法非常适合只需要使用 MySQL 的开发者

1、 查找 Docker Hub 上的 mysql 镜像

    [root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
    NAME     DESCRIPTION                  OFFICIAL   
    mysql    widely used, open-source...  [OK]       
    mariadb  MariaDB is a ...             [OK]     
    ...

有很多版本，我们选择官方的 mysql
2、 拉取官方的镜像,标签为 8.0.11

    [root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:8.0.11
    8.0.11: Pulling from library/mysql

3、 稍等片刻，就能在本地镜像列表里看到 8.0.11 了

    [root@localhost ~]# docker images mysql
    REPOSITORY    TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
    mysql         8.0.11   a8a59477268d   3 weeks ago  444.8 MB

2. 通过 Dockerfile 构建 MySQL

这种方式类似于自己编译安装，既可以不污染环境，又能学习如何编译安装 MySQL

1、 先创建目录 mysql , 用于存放后面的相关东西

    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p ~/mysql/data ~/mysql/logs ~/mysql/conf

2、 进入创建的 mysql 目录，创建 conf/my.cnf 文件

    [root@localhost ~] cd mysql
    [root@localhost mysql] vi conf/my.cnf

然后输入以下内容

    [mysqld]
    pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
    secure-file-priv= NULL
    symbolic-links=0

    # Custom config should go here
    !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

3、 创建 docker-entrypoint.sh 文件

    [root@localhost mysql]# touch docker-entrypoint.sh
    [root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x docker-entrypoint.sh
    [root@localhost mysql]# vi docker-entrypoint.sh

然后复制以下内容

    # !/bin/bash
    # 删除第一行 # ! 之间的空格
    set -eo pipefail
    shopt -s nullglob

    # if command starts with an option, prepend mysqld
    if [ "${1:0:1}" = '-' ]; then
        set -- mysqld "$@"
    fi

    # skip setup if they want an option that stops mysqld
    wantHelp=
    for arg; do
        case "$arg" in
            -'?'|--help|--print-defaults|-V|--version)
                wantHelp=1
                break
                ;;
        esac
    done

    # usage: file_env VAR [DEFAULT]
    #    ie: file_env 'XYZ_DB_PASSWORD' 'example'
    # (will allow for "$XYZ_DB_PASSWORD_FILE" to fill in the value of
    #  "$XYZ_DB_PASSWORD" from a file, especially for Docker's secrets feature)
    file_env() {
        local var="$1"
        local fileVar="${var}_FILE"
        local def="${2:-}"
        if [ "${!var:-}" ] && [ "${!fileVar:-}" ]; then
            echo >&2 "error: both $var and $fileVar are set (but are exclusive)"
            exit 1
        fi
        local val="$def"
        if [ "${!var:-}" ]; then
            val="${!var}"
        elif [ "${!fileVar:-}" ]; then
            val="$(< "${!fileVar}")"
        fi
        export "$var"="$val"
        unset "$fileVar"
    }

    # usage: process_init_file FILENAME MYSQLCOMMAND...
    #    ie: process_init_file foo.sh mysql -uroot
    # (process a single initializer file, based on its extension. we define this
    # function here, so that initializer scripts (*.sh) can use the same logic,
    # potentially recursively, or override the logic used in subsequent calls)
    process_init_file() {
        local f="$1"; shift
        local mysql=( "$@" )

        case "$f" in
            *.sh)     echo "$0: running $f"; . "$f" ;;
            *.sql)    echo "$0: running $f"; "${mysql[@]}" < "$f"; echo ;;
            *.sql.gz) echo "$0: running $f"; gunzip -c "$f" | "${mysql[@]}"; echo ;;
            *)        echo "$0: ignoring $f" ;;
        esac
        echo
    }

    _check_config() {
        toRun=( "$@" --verbose --help )
        if ! errors="$("${toRun[@]}" 2>&1 >/dev/null)"; then
            cat >&2 <<-EOM

                ERROR: mysqld failed while attempting to check config
                command was: "${toRun[*]}"

                $errors
            EOM
            exit 1
        fi
    }

    # Fetch value from server config
    # We use mysqld --verbose --help instead of my_print_defaults because the
    # latter only show values present in config files, and not server defaults
    _get_config() {
        local conf="$1"; shift
        "$@" --verbose --help --log-bin-index="$(mktemp -u)" 2>/dev/null \
            | awk '$1 == "'"$conf"'" && /^[^ \t]/ { sub(/^[^ \t]+[ \t]+/, ""); print; exit }'
        # match "datadir      /some/path with/spaces in/it here" but not "--xyz=abc\n     datadir (xyz)"
    }

    # allow the container to be started with `--user`
    if [ "$1" = 'mysqld' -a -z "$wantHelp" -a "$(id -u)" = '0' ]; then
        _check_config "$@"
        DATADIR="$(_get_config 'datadir' "$@")"
        mkdir -p "$DATADIR"
        chown -R mysql:mysql "$DATADIR"
        exec gosu mysql "$BASH_SOURCE" "$@"
    fi

    if [ "$1" = 'mysqld' -a -z "$wantHelp" ]; then
        # still need to check config, container may have started with --user
        _check_config "$@"
        # Get config
        DATADIR="$(_get_config 'datadir' "$@")"

        if [ ! -d "$DATADIR/mysql" ]; then
            file_env 'MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD'
            if [ -z "$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD" -a -z "$MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD" -a -z "$MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
                echo >&2 'error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified '
                echo >&2 '  You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD'
                exit 1
            fi

            mkdir -p "$DATADIR"

            echo 'Initializing database'
            "$@" --initialize-insecure
            echo 'Database initialized'

            if command -v mysql_ssl_rsa_setup > /dev/null && [ ! -e "$DATADIR/server-key.pem" ]; then
                # https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/blob/23032807537d8dd8ee4ec1c4d40f0633cd4e12f9/packaging/deb-in/extra/mysql-systemd-start#L81-L84
                echo 'Initializing certificates'
                mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir="$DATADIR"
                echo 'Certificates initialized'
            fi

            SOCKET="$(_get_config 'socket' "$@")"
            "$@" --skip-networking --socket="${SOCKET}" &
            pid="$!"

            mysql=( mysql --protocol=socket -uroot -hlocalhost --socket="${SOCKET}" )

            for i in {30..0}; do
                if echo 'SELECT 1' | "${mysql[@]}" &> /dev/null; then
                    break
                fi
                echo 'MySQL init process in progress...'
                sleep 1
            done
            if [ "$i" = 0 ]; then
                echo >&2 'MySQL init process failed.'
                exit 1
            fi

            if [ -z "$MYSQL_INITDB_SKIP_TZINFO" ]; then
                # sed is for https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=20545
                mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | sed 's/Local time zone must be set--see zic manual page/FCTY/' | "${mysql[@]}" mysql
            fi

            if [ ! -z "$MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
                export MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="$(pwgen -1 32)"
                echo "GENERATED ROOT PASSWORD: $MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"
            fi

            rootCreate=
            # default root to listen for connections from anywhere
            file_env 'MYSQL_ROOT_HOST' '%'
            if [ ! -z "$MYSQL_ROOT_HOST" -a "$MYSQL_ROOT_HOST" != 'localhost' ]; then
                # no, we don't care if read finds a terminating character in this heredoc
                # https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/265149/why-is-set-o-errexit-breaking-this-read-heredoc-expression/265151#265151
                read -r -d '' rootCreate <<-EOSQL || true
                    CREATE USER 'root'@'${MYSQL_ROOT_HOST}' IDENTIFIED BY '${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}' ;
                    GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'${MYSQL_ROOT_HOST}' WITH GRANT OPTION ;
                EOSQL
            fi

            "${mysql[@]}" <<-EOSQL
                -- What's done in this file shouldn't be replicated
                --  or products like mysql-fabric won't work
                SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN=0;

                ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}' ;
                GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION ;
                ${rootCreate}
                DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test ;
                FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;
            EOSQL

            if [ ! -z "$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
                mysql+=( -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" )
            fi

            file_env 'MYSQL_DATABASE'
            if [ "$MYSQL_DATABASE" ]; then
                echo "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS \`$MYSQL_DATABASE\` ;" | "${mysql[@]}"
                mysql+=( "$MYSQL_DATABASE" )
            fi

            file_env 'MYSQL_USER'
            file_env 'MYSQL_PASSWORD'
            if [ "$MYSQL_USER" -a "$MYSQL_PASSWORD" ]; then
                echo "CREATE USER '$MYSQL_USER'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '$MYSQL_PASSWORD' ;" | "${mysql[@]}"

                if [ "$MYSQL_DATABASE" ]; then
                    echo "GRANT ALL ON \`$MYSQL_DATABASE\`.* TO '$MYSQL_USER'@'%' ;" | "${mysql[@]}"
                fi

                echo 'FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;' | "${mysql[@]}"
            fi

            echo
            for f in /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*; do
                process_init_file "$f" "${mysql[@]}"
            done

            if [ ! -z "$MYSQL_ONETIME_PASSWORD" ]; then
                "${mysql[@]}" <<-EOSQL
                    ALTER USER 'root'@'%' PASSWORD EXPIRE;
                EOSQL
            fi
            if ! kill -s TERM "$pid" || ! wait "$pid"; then
                echo >&2 'MySQL init process failed.'
                exit 1
            fi

            echo
            echo 'MySQL init process done. Ready for start up.'
            echo
        fi
    fi

    exec "$@"

4、 创建 Dockerfile

    [root@localhost ~]# vi Dockerfile

然后输入以下内容

    FROM debian:stretch-slim

    # add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
    RUN groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql mysql

    RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gnupg dirmngr && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

    # add gosu for easy step-down from root
    ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.7
    RUN set -x \
        && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates wget && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
        && wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture)" \
        && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu \
        && gosu nobody true \
        && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove ca-certificates wget

    RUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

    RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    # for MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
            pwgen \
    # for mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
            openssl \
    # FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db:
    # File::Basename
    # File::Copy
    # Sys::Hostname
    # Data::Dumper
            perl \
        && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

    ENV MYSQL_MAJOR 8.0
    ENV MYSQL_VERSION 8.0.11-1debian9

    RUN echo "deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ stretch mysql-${MYSQL_MAJOR}" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list

    # the "/var/lib/mysql" stuff here is because the mysql-server postinst doesn't have an explicit way to disable the mysql_install_db codepath besides having a database already "configured" (ie, stuff in /var/lib/mysql/mysql)
    # also, we set debconf keys to make APT a little quieter
    RUN { \
            echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/data-dir select ''; \
            echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/root-pass password ''; \
            echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/re-root-pass password ''; \
            echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/remove-test-db select false; \
        } | debconf-set-selections \
        && apt-get update && apt-get install -y mysql-community-client-core="${MYSQL_VERSION}" mysql-community-server-core="${MYSQL_VERSION}" --allow-unauthenticated && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
        && rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
        && chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
    # ensure that /var/run/mysqld (used for socket and lock files) is writable regardless of the UID our mysqld instance ends up having at runtime
        && chmod 777 /var/run/mysqld

    VOLUME /var/lib/mysql
    # Config files
    COPY conf/ /etc/mysql/
    COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
    RUN ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh # backwards compat
    ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]

    EXPOSE 3306
    CMD ["mysqld"]

5、 通过 Dockerfile 创建镜像 my-mysql:8.0.11

    [root@localhost mysql]# docker build -t my-mysql:8.0.11 .

6、 稍等片刻，创建完成后，可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

    [root@localhost ~]# docker images my-mysql
    REPOSITORY    TAG      IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
    my-mysql      8.0.11   e730da928e07   11 days ago  444 MB

运行 mysql 镜像

可以使用下面的命令运行 mysql 容器

[root@localhost mysql]# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v $PWD/logs:/logs -v $PWD/data:/mysql_data -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:8.0.11
d53f278d7e1273c4b503e98d46cbb571fe0b496a141467ebf7dae9ee57baf59

参数说明

1、 -p 3306:3306

将容器的 3306 端口映射到主机的 3306 端口
2、 -v $PWD/logs:/logs

将主机当前目录下的 logs 目录挂载到容器的 /logs
3、 -v $PWD/data:/mysql_data

将主机当前目录下的 data 目录挂载到容器的 /mysql_data
4、 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 初始化 root 用户的密码

如果你想要定制 my.cnf 可以使用下面的参数挂载 my.cnf 文件

-v $PWD/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf

查看容器启动情况

[root@localhost mysql] docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE         COMMAND                  ...
d8e8585e8    my-mysql:8.0.11  "docker-entrypoint.sh"   ...