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03-三、Tomcat源码分析-启动分析(一) Lifecycle

作者:黄小厮 | 出处 https://blog.csdn.net/dwade_mia/article/category/7527362

Lifecycle 在其他框架中也很常见,比如 spring,它常用于具有生命周期的组件,由 Lifecycle 控制组件的初始化、启动、销毁等动作,方便应用程序获取、释放某些资源,或者是触发某些特定的事件。Tomcat 也是如此,在学习整个启动流程之前,我们先行了解下 Lifecycle 的实现机制,便于理解整个流程。

Lifecycle

Lifecycle 接口是一个公用的接口,定义了组件生命周期的一些方法,用于启动、停止 Catalina 组件。它是一个非常重要的接口,组件的生命周期包括:initstartstopdestory,以及各种事件的常量、操作 LifecycleListenerAPI,典型的观察者模式


public interface Lifecycle { // ----------------------- 定义各种EVENT事件 ----------------------- public static final String BEFORE_INIT_EVENT = "before_init"; public static final String AFTER_INIT_EVENT = "after_init"; public static final String START_EVENT = "start"; // 省略事件常量定义…… /** * 注册一个LifecycleListener */ public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener); /** * 获取所有注册的LifecycleListener */ public LifecycleListener[] findLifecycleListeners(); /** * 移除指定的LifecycleListener */ public void removeLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener); /** * 组件被实例化之后,调用该方法完成初始化工作,发会出以下事件 * <ol> * <li>INIT_EVENT: On the successful completion of component initialization.</li> * </ol> * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error * that prevents this component from being used */ public void init() throws LifecycleException; /** * 在组件投入使用之前调用该方法,先后会发出以下事件:BEFORE_START_EVENT、START_EVENT、AFTER_START_EVENT * @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error * that prevents this component from being used */ public void start() throws LifecycleException; /** * 使组件停止工作 */ public void stop() throws LifecycleException; /** * 销毁组件时被调用 */ public void destroy() throws LifecycleException; /** * Obtain the current state of the source component. */ public LifecycleState getState(); /** * 获取state的文字说明 */ public String getStateName(); /** * Marker interface used to indicate that the instance should only be used * once. Calling {@link #stop()} on an instance that supports this interface * will automatically call {@link #destroy()} after {@link #stop()} * completes. */ public interface SingleUse { }

各大组件均实现了 Lifecycle 接口,类图如下所示(查看原图):
img_0907_01__1.png


* LifecycleBase:它实现了Lifecycle的init、start、stop等主要逻辑,向注册在LifecycleBase内部的LifecycleListener发出对应的事件,并且预留了initInternal、startInternal、stopInternal等模板方法,便于子类完成自己的逻辑 * MBeanRegistration:JmxEnabled 的父类, jmx框架提供的注册MBean的接口,引入此接口是为了便于使用JMX提供的管理功能 * LifecycleMBeanBase:JmxEnabled的子类,通过重写initInternal、destroyInternal方法,统一向jmx中注册/取消注册当前实例,方便利用jmx对实例对象进行管理,代码上特别强调要求子类先行调用super.initInternal * ContainerBase、StandardServer、StandardService、WebappLoader、Connector、StandardContext、StandardEngine、StandardHost、StandardWrapper等容器都继承了LifecycleMBeanBase,因此这些容器都具有了同样的生命周期并可以通过JMX进行管理

tomcat允许我们使用jmx对tomcat进行监控、管理,可以使用jconsole工具,准备后续写一篇博客分析tomcat jmx


public abstract class LifecycleMBeanBase extends LifecycleBase implements JmxEnabled { /** * Sub-classes wishing to perform additional initialization should override * this method, ensuring that super.initInternal() is the first call in the * overriding method. */ protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException { if (oname == null) { mserver = Registry.getRegistry(null, null).getMBeanServer(); oname = register(this, getObjectNameKeyProperties()); } } } public class Connector extends LifecycleMBeanBase { protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException { super.initInternal(); adapter = new CoyoteAdapter(this); protocolHandler.setAdapter(adapter); // other code...... }

LifecycleState

LifecycleState 是枚举类,定义了各种状态


public enum LifecycleState { // LifecycleBase实例化完成时的状态 NEW(false, null), // 容器正在初始化的状态,在INITIALIZED之前 INITIALIZING(false, Lifecycle.BEFORE_INIT_EVENT), // 初始化完成的状态 INITIALIZED(false, Lifecycle.AFTER_INIT_EVENT), // 启动前 STARTING_PREP(false, Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT), // 启动过程中的状态 STARTING(true, Lifecycle.START_EVENT), // 启动完成 STARTED(true, Lifecycle.AFTER_START_EVENT), // 停止前的状态 STOPPING_PREP(true, Lifecycle.BEFORE_STOP_EVENT), // 停止过程中 STOPPING(false, Lifecycle.STOP_EVENT), // 停止完成 STOPPED(false, Lifecycle.AFTER_STOP_EVENT), // 销毁中 DESTROYING(false, Lifecycle.BEFORE_DESTROY_EVENT), // 完成销毁 DESTROYED(false, Lifecycle.AFTER_DESTROY_EVENT), // 启动、停止过程中出现异常 FAILED(false, null); private final boolean available; private final String lifecycleEvent; private LifecycleState(boolean available, String lifecycleEvent) { this.available = available; this.lifecycleEvent = lifecycleEvent; } public boolean isAvailable() { return available; } public String getLifecycleEvent() { return lifecycleEvent; }

LifecycleListener

要订阅事件的实体类需要实现 LifecycleListener


public interface LifecycleListener { public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event);

默认情况下,tomcat 会内置一些 LifecycleListener,配置在 server.xml 中,除了 xml 中的 LifecycleListener,还有org.apache.catalina.core.NamingContextListener,而这个LifecycleListener是在 StandardServer 的构造器中添加的,各个 LifecycleListener 的作用在此不再细说。

如果我们在 tomcat 启动、停止的时候增加额外的逻辑,比如发送邮件通知,则可以从这个地方入手


<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" /> <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs--> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" /> public StandardServer() { // 忽略部分代码 if (isUseNaming()) { namingContextListener = new NamingContextListener(); addLifecycleListener(namingContextListener); } else { namingContextListener = null; }

LifecycleBase

LifecycleBase实现了Lifecycle接口,完成了核心逻辑


\- StringManager:用来做日志信息参数化输出的,支持国际化 \- 内部使用CopyOnWriteArrayList维护所有的LifecycleListener,因为在各个生命周期,内部的LifecycleListener是会变化的,并且存在并发操作问题,因此使用了并发的List。注意,不同的LifecycleBase子类,其内部的lifecycleListeners存放不同的LifecyListener,比如Server和Service,它们是不同的Lifecycle实例,内部的lifecycleListeners也是不同 \- LifecycleBase的state初始值是LifecycleState.NEW,也存在并发修改的问题,用了volatile修饰 \- addLifecycleListener、removeLifecycleListener允许添加、删除LifecycleListener,告诉LifecycleBase有哪些监听者需要进行事件通知 \- fireLifecycleEvent:向内部注册的LifecycleListener发出事件通知,它是protected的方法,所以LifecycleBase的子类可以在适当的时机调用该方法发出事件通知。事件通知由LifecycleListener实现类决定要不要对特定的事件进行处理 \- setState:更新state值,并发出对应的事件通知,同样是调用fireLifecycleEvent

public abstract class LifecycleBase implements Lifecycle { // 日志国际化输出使用 private static final StringManager sm = StringManager.getManager(LifecycleBase.class); // 维护LifecycleListener private final List<LifecycleListener> lifecycleListeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>(); // 初始状态是NEW private volatile LifecycleState state = LifecycleState.NEW; /** * 注册LifecycleListener */ @Override public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) { lifecycleListeners.add(listener); } @Override public LifecycleListener[] findLifecycleListeners() { return lifecycleListeners.toArray(new LifecycleListener[0]); } /** * 移除LifecycleListener */ @Override public void removeLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) { lifecycleListeners.remove(listener); } /** * 发出事件通知,遍历内部所有的LifecycleListener,并调用其lifecycleEvent */ protected void fireLifecycleEvent(String type, Object data) { LifecycleEvent event = new LifecycleEvent(this, type, data); for (LifecycleListener listener : lifecycleListeners) { listener.lifecycleEvent(event); } } @Override public LifecycleState getState() { return state; } @Override public String getStateName() { return getState().toString(); } protected synchronized void setState(LifecycleState state) throws LifecycleException { setStateInternal(state, null, true); } protected synchronized void setState(LifecycleState state, Object data) throws LifecycleException { setStateInternal(state, data, true); } /** * 设置state值,并发出事件通知 */ private synchronized void setStateInternal(LifecycleState state, Object data, boolean check) throws LifecycleException { // 校验state的正确性 if (check) { if (state == null) { invalidTransition("null"); return; } // Any method can transition to failed // startInternal() permits STARTING_PREP to STARTING // stopInternal() permits STOPPING_PREP to STOPPING and FAILED to // STOPPING if (!(state == LifecycleState.FAILED || (this.state == LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP && state == LifecycleState.STARTING) || (this.state == LifecycleState.STOPPING_PREP && state == LifecycleState.STOPPING) || (this.state == LifecycleState.FAILED && state == LifecycleState.STOPPING))) { // No other transition permitted invalidTransition(state.name()); } } this.state = state; String lifecycleEvent = state.getLifecycleEvent(); if (lifecycleEvent != null) { fireLifecycleEvent(lifecycleEvent, data); } } // 省略其它代码......

Lifecycle组件的init、start、stop、destory的套路基本上一样,先由LifecycleBase完成前期的校验、事件通知动作,再调用子类的方法完成自己的逻辑


graph LR 校验state-->发出事件通知

start分析

start过程会触发LifecycleState的STARTING\_PREP、STARTED事件,如果出现启动失败还会触发FAILED事件,并且调用stop。因为会涉及多线程操作,因此对方法加了锁。如果start期间出现了异常,则会调用stop停止tomcat,或者state状态有误也会抛出异常

img_0907_01__2.png

state状态变更时调用setStateInternal方法,遍历内部所有的LifecycleListener,并向其发起对应的事件通知,由LifecycleListener去完成某些动作。其子类可以直接调用fireLifecycleEvent,比如在StandardServer中,start过程会发出CONFIGURE\_START\_EVENT事件。

注:所有事件的命名均定义在Lifecycle接口中


public abstract class LifecycleBase implements Lifecycle { @Override public final synchronized void start() throws LifecycleException { // 如果是start前、进行中、start完成,则直接return if (LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP.equals(state) || LifecycleState.STARTING.equals(state) || LifecycleState.STARTED.equals(state)) { // 忽略logger日志 return; } // 完成init初始化 if (state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) { init(); } else if (state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED)) { stop(); } else if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED) && !state.equals(LifecycleState.STOPPED)) { invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT); } try { // 发出STARTING_PREP事件 setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP, null, false); // 由子类实现 startInternal(); // 如果启动失败直接调用stop if (state.equals(LifecycleState.FAILED)) { stop(); } // 说明状态有误 else if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.STARTING)) { invalidTransition(Lifecycle.AFTER_START_EVENT); } // 成功完成start,发出STARTED事件 else { setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTED, null, false); } } catch (Throwable t) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t); setStateInternal(LifecycleState.FAILED, null, false); throw new LifecycleException(sm.getString("lifecycleBase.startFail", toString()), t); } } /** * 由子类实现 */ protected abstract void startInternal() throws LifecycleException;

LifecycleMBeanBase

由前面的类图可知,LifecycleMBeanBase是LifecycleBase的直接子类,并且实现了JmxEnabled接口,很多组件都是直接继承它

LifecycleMBeanBase完成了jmx注册的主要逻辑,重写了LifecycleBase的initInternal、destroyInternal方法,用于完成jmx的注册、注销动作,这两个模板方法中特别说明:


Sub-classes wishing to perform additional initialization should override this method,

为了保证 jmx 的正常注册和注销,要求子类在重写 initInternaldestroyInternal 方法时,必须先调用super.initInternal()。例如Connector


public class Connector extends LifecycleMBeanBase { @Override protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException { // 先行调用LifecycleMBeanBase的initInternal super.initInternal(); // Initialize adapter adapter = new CoyoteAdapter(this); protocolHandler.setAdapter(adapter); // other code...... } // other code......

我们再来看看 LifecycleMBeanBase 的内部实现,在 initInternal 阶段初始化 MBeanServer 实例,并且把当前实例注册到 jmx 中;而 destroyInternal 阶段则是根据 ObjectName 注销 MBean


public abstract class LifecycleMBeanBase extends LifecycleBase implements JmxEnabled { /** * jmx的域,默认使用Service的name,即"Catalina" */ private String domain = null; /** * 用于标识一个MBean的对象名称,也可以根据这个name来查找MBean */ private ObjectName oname = null; /** * jmx的核心组件,提供代理端操作MBean的接口,提供了创建、注册、删除MBean的接口,它由MBeanServerFactory创建 */ protected MBeanServer mserver = null; @Override protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException { if (oname == null) { mserver = Registry.getRegistry(null, null).getMBeanServer(); oname = register(this, getObjectNameKeyProperties()); } } @Override protected void destroyInternal() throws LifecycleException { unregister(oname); } protected final void unregister(ObjectName on) { if (on == null) { return; } if (mserver == null) { log.warn(sm.getString("lifecycleMBeanBase.unregisterNoServer", on)); return; } try { mserver.unregisterMBean(on); } catch (MBeanRegistrationException e) { log.warn(sm.getString("lifecycleMBeanBase.unregisterFail", on), e); } catch (InstanceNotFoundException e) { log.warn(sm.getString("lifecycleMBeanBase.unregisterFail", on), e); } }

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    标题:03-三、Tomcat源码分析-启动分析(一) Lifecycle

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